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2022-02-21
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使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. ②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) ③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. ④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如： People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … 2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。 ①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 ②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。 ③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。 ④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 ⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。 ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start. A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。 
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